Friday, May 15, 2015

With Whom Do You 'Hang"?



Trying to understand why people do what they do has fascinated me clear back to my undergraduate college days.  But because of the nature of the psychology profession--general psych., counseling, educational or social psychology—their methods and the reality of their rather passive professional job environments, i.e., sitting as a counselor, therapist or advisor, constructing and evaluating tests and interpreting data from studies, experiments and statistics-- I chose rather to professionally go into classroom social science and physical education teaching and coaching.  There I could be on my feet moving, demonstrating, talking, being more actively involved with the people I wanted to work with and try to influence for the good. 
 
And so I had a career in teaching; but I continued to maintain an interest in psychology.

In recent years the unsuspected relationship between psychological findings in two areas of particular interest to me have been independently published by well-known Stanford psychologist Philip Zimbardo, Ph.D. (The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil ) and Harvard researchers Nicolas Christakis, Md., Ph.D., and James Fowler, Ph.D. (Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives). Let me give a very brief synopsis of their findings pertaining to the connection between evil and the etiology of obesity.   A surprising relationship between these seemingly disparate individual and social problems, and the influence of social networks was found (see ‘Bad Seeds and Everyday Gluttony’ in Psychology Today, Hero, Sept 15, 2009).

From Zimbardo’s piece in Psychology Today:
Obesity is not evil, but both share a common yet long undetected feature.  Social science, like history, has demonstrated that the most powerful causal forces behind everything from prisoner abuse to ‘supersizing' are located less in conscious individual choices and more in the situational and systemic factors that envelop individuals at given times and places.
The prevailing notion that personal, inner dispositions are the primary causal factors involved in bad behavior or obesity needs to be reexamined.

And from Christakis’ and Fowler’s article in The New England Journal of Medicine (July 2007):
"Network phenomena appear to be relevant to the biologic and behavioral trait of obesity, and obesity appears to spread through social ties.... The spread of obesity in social networks appears to be a factor in the obesity epidemic."
The study showed that these effects were the product, not of behavioral imitation, but of perceived social norms. Having a close friend or family member who is obese made obesity more socially acceptable -- rather than stigmatized.

These authors conclude here is a power of social interaction that goes a long way in explaining why people do what they do and become what they become.  Social network ties can be beneficial or they can drag one into behaviors or lifestyles that are deleterious and counterproductive.
   
I remember telling my children, ‘You can’t hang around a campfire without starting to smell like smoke—whether you want to or not’ and even included it in my list of life maxims.  With the advent of the worldwide computer web and social media we are influenced more than we know by what we see, hear, and spend time with.  Much of it (especially that found on the Facebook genre) is ‘smoke,’ or at least has the psychological effect of it if we spend much time around it, and it can affect people in negative ways. 

In short, on the negative or positive side, who and what you spend your time with will give you a perceived norm (as inaccurate as that may be) and will tend to validate your immersion in or continuance in what could be a very counterproductive (which is the warning of this posting) or life-affirming (if you find a successful and positive) life-style.  


I end with the old story (told more fully in an early weblog posting of mine) of the baby eagle who was found and put into a pen with the chickens and in seeing them imitated their behavior and became as a chicken.  Later, a naturalist saw the eagle and knew of its potential and with patience and perseverance persuaded the eagle to assume its true nature and leave the barnyard and soar with the other eagles. 

Be careful of who you ‘hang’ with. 

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